Zida zowunikira patali zimafuna mabatire apamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera ogwirira ntchito komanso zofunikira pakugwirira ntchito. Zipangizozi nthawi zambiri zimafuna nthawi yotalikirapo yamagetsi osadodometsedwa, nthawi zina zimatha chaka kapena kupitilira apo. Mabatire a lithiamu-ion amakondedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha voteji yawo yayikulu, kukula kophatikizika, chilengedwe chopepuka, kachulukidwe kamphamvu kamphamvu, kusowa kukumbukira, kusamala zachilengedwe, kudziletsa pang'ono, komanso moyo wautali wozungulira. Poyerekeza ndi mabatire a nickel-metal hydride,mabatire a lithiamu-ionndi 30% mpaka 40% opepuka ndipo amadzitamandira ndi 60% kuchuluka kwa mphamvu.
Komabe, mabatire a lithiamu ali ndi gawo lawo labwino lazovuta, makamaka zomwe zimazungulira mbali ziwiri zofunika:
Chitetezo
Mabatire a lithiamu amalumikizidwa ndi nkhawa zachitetezo, nthawi zina zomwe zimayambitsa kuphulika ndi zolakwika zina. Makamaka, mabatire a lithiamu cobalt oxide, omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zabwino zama elekitirodi, amawonetsa chitetezo chochepa akamatuluka kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya mabatire a lithiamu amawonongeka osasinthika akamangidwa kapena kutayidwa. Mabatire a lithiamu amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kutentha, kutentha kwakukulu kumayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa electrolyte, kuyaka, kapena ngakhale kuphulika, pamene kutentha kochepa kumawononga ntchito yawo, kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito a chipangizocho. Chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwa kupanga, kukana kwa batri iliyonse mkati ndi mphamvu zimasiyana. Maselo angapo akalumikizidwa motsatizana, izi zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zosagwirizana ndi kutulutsa, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa batire. Chifukwa chake, mabatire a lithiamu nthawi zambiri amafunikira zida zapadera zodzitetezera kuti aziyang'anira thanzi lawo ndikuwongolera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito moyenera.
Kukhalitsa
Kusakwanira kwamphamvu komanso kuvutikira kulosera kuchuluka kwa batire pa kutentha kochepa kumachepetsa kusamalidwa kwa zida zoyendetsedwa ndi mabatire a lithiamu. Zida zapaintaneti zanthawi yayitali zimafunikira kusinthidwa kwa mabatire pafupipafupi, nthawi zambiri kumadera akutali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ntchito yayikulu komanso kukwera mtengo. Kuti muchepetse zolemetsa zokonza ndikuchepetsa mtengo, makina owongolera batire amayenera kuyerekeza molondola momwe alilipiritsi, kulola kusinthidwa kwanthawi yake komanso koyenera. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono mu kasamalidwe ka batri ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse nthawi yokonza ndikuwonjezera moyo wa batri. Chifukwa chake, pazida zowunikira patali zomwe zimafuna magetsi kwanthawi yayitali, kasamalidwe ka batri kopangidwa bwino kamakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakukonza zida.
Komabe, kugwirizanitsa magwiridwe antchito a zida zowunikira kutali ndi mawonekedwe achilengedwe a mabatire a lithiamu kumabweretsa zovuta. Pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti izi zikhale zovuta:
Choyamba, zida zowunikira patali zimakonda kusinthana pakati pa nthawi ya kugona ndi kugalamuka kuti zisunge mphamvu. Mayendedwe awo amasinthasintha mosiyanasiyana, ndipo magawo odzuka amafunikira kuchuluka kwapano kuposa momwe amagonera, koma magawo odzukawa ndi aafupi kwambiri.
Kachiwiri, ma curve a lithiamu batire ndi athyathyathya modabwitsa, ndipo mphamvu zambiri zimakhazikika pamwamba pa 3.6V voliyumu. Chifukwa chake, zida zakutali sizingadalire mphamvu ya batri kuti ipereke machenjezo a batire yotsika.
Pomaliza, Lifiyamu yodziyimitsa batire imasinthasintha mosiyanasiyana ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha. Zida zomwe zimagwira ntchito kunja kwambiri zimakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri, zomwe zimasokoneza kuneneratu kolondola kwa batire. Machitidwe oyendetsera mabatire omwe alipo akulimbana kuti akwaniritse zofunikira izi.
Pomaliza, chitukuko cha kasamalidwe ka batire kachitidwe kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zenizeni za zida zowunikira zakutali, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo apadera ogwirira ntchito komanso zovuta zomwe mabatire a lithiamu amakumana nazo, zimakhalabe ntchito yayikulu.
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